Everything you need to know about the geomagnetic storm that hit Earth and its effects

The Earth was struck by a powerful geomagnetic storm on March 24, 2024. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) initially rated it G4 on the 5-grade scale. Since then NOOA has issued a watch for geomagnetic storms.

Posting on X (Twitter), NOOA stated, "The G3 (Moderate) geomagnetic storm watch remains in effect. However, conditions are showing signs of weakening. G3 watch remains active until the end of the UT day, then lessening impacts expected to G1 (Minor) storm levels. Stay tuned to our website for updates and changes."

The G3 (Moderate) geomagnetic storm watch remains in effect. However, conditions are showing signs of weakening. G3 watch remains active until the end of the UT day, then lessening impacts expected to G1 (Minor) storm levels. Stay tuned to our website for updates and changes. pic.twitter.com/umLuq1aFCk

— NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center (@NWSSWPC) March 25, 2024

A geomagnetic storm is a disturbance created by alterations in the solar winds in the Earth's magnetosphere. The solar winds are the charged particles from the sun. When these particles engage with Earth's magnetic field, they create disturbances and irregularities sometimes resulting in the auroral activity called Northern lights and Southern lights. These are measured by NOAA on a 5-grade scale, ranging from G1 (minor) to G5 (extreme). 

The following are some effects:

• Powerful geomagnetic storms can trigger eclectic currents in power grids and can lead to power loss and damage to infrastructure. 
• Causes auroras (Northern and Southern lights) in mostly lower latitudes. 
• Can interface with GPS, satellite operations, radio communications, telecommunications, and other satellite-based technology.  
• The charged particles emitted by the sun can cause damage to astronauts and individuals flying in high altitudes.
• Many studies show that these storms can also affect the natural cycle and behaviour of many species, especially the ones dependent on geomagnetic waves for direction.
• The high radiation from the storm can also damage human chromosomes and induce cancer.

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