India
The lyrics of the anthem were penned by Rabindranath Tagore, who was a renowned poet, philosopher, and the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913.
The original Bengali version of the anthem is titled "Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata" (ভারত ভাগ্য বিধাতা).
‘Jana Gana Mana’ was officially adopted as the national anthem of India on January 24, 1950, shortly after the country became a republic.
The full version of the anthem is about 5 minutes long, but for official purposes, only the first stanza is used, which takes about 52 seconds to perform.
The anthem’s lyrics are written in a mix of Hindi and Sanskrit, reflecting the linguistic diversity of India.
Although Jana Gana Mana and Vande Mataram are both considered important patriotic songs, Vande Mataram was adopted as the national song and not as the anthem.
The anthem was originally written in 1911, and while it was not initially intended to be a national anthem, it was chosen due to its representation of Indian unity and identity.
Jana Gana Mana was first publicly performed on December 27, 1911, at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress.